Fracking Greenhouse Gas and Water - 1429 Words

Whats the Fracking Problem? W hy does everyone care so much about natural gas? Why is it such an essential part of modern culture? Sure, its an exciting and up and coming technology, which is fuel for the technological generation that weve grown up in, but we need to take a closer look to see the methods and impacts that could affect generations after us. Water is one of our important resources that were given to us by mother nature. We see water as a source for survival and many more advantages. Its fragile, and the smallest amount of contaminants could ruin it for a population, yet one of the major ingredients in fracking processes is the water. Reports of accidents involving water contamination are everywhere. The basic process of†¦show more content†¦Lets face it, people need the money, and some dont mind taking the risk of their water becoming harmful, some dont even realize how critical the case is. In spite of that, there are people out there, who do realize the harmful effects that fracking can cause, and these people are the ones who are fighting for the purity and future of water. Even more disturbing to some, possible groundwater contamination is the claim that the methane released during the extraction process cancels out any of the assumed environmental benefits. Although the overall amounts are relatively low, methane has one-hundred and five times more warming impact pound for pound than carbon dioxide, and so a little really does go a long way when it comes to climate change. Not surprisingly, there is wide disagreement on how much methane is being leaked into the atmosphere as part of the fracking process. Many people argue that we need hydrofracking. The economy is faltering, and more jobs are desperately needed. However, hydrofracking will harm the economy, both in the long and short term. Most industry workers wont come from local areas, so relatively few people will get jobs. Perhaps local hotels and restaurants will get more traffic, but farmers will lose business. No one would go to a farmers market if they knew the produce could be contaminated with carcinogens and radioactivity from hydrofracking. As well, tourism is one of the regions largestShow MoreRelatedFracking : Fracking And Fracking1524 Words   |  7 Pages Hydraulic Fracturing Research Paper Hydraulic Fracturing (also commonly known as fracking) is a process used to extract natural gasses deep within the earth. This is done by drilling vertically into the ground until the desired depth; then drilling horizontally; and pumping millions of gallons of water, sand, and other chemicals into the drill at a high pressure to create fissures through which the gas can escape. Currently, hydraulic fracturing is extensively used in the United States in orderRead MoreEffects Of Fracking On The Environment And Human Health1208 Words   |  5 Pagesforms of energy the demand for gas has grown rapidly worldwide in recent years. This significant increase in demand has led to a boom in world gas prices. In Australia, there are large reserves of unconventional natural gas compared to conventional natural gas. However, according to the Bureau of Resource and Energy Economics (BREE) there is enough conventional natural gas in Australia to supply all of Australia at current levels for more than 6130 years. Fracking extracts hydrocarbons from previouslyRead MoreGlobal Warming And The Negative Environmental Impacts1364 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen around for centuries and is one of the most controversial topics in science. One of the first people to discover the greenhouse effect was the swedish scientist, Savante Arrhenius, in 1896. The greenhouse is effect is when radiation is trapped, which is emitted from the sun’s warmth, in lowest level of the Earth’s atmosphere; this is caused by gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane that let sunlight to pass through but it keeps the radiation, Arrhenius was the first to claim thatRead MoreFracking And The Environment : Fracking983 Words   |  4 PagesTayler Hedgecock Dr. Allen Composition 2 MWF 11 AM Fracking and the Environment Hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, is not an environmentally sound method of acquiring cleaner, cheaper energy. Fracking is a practice that is being used in order to collect natural gas from deep within the earth’s layers of shale rock. Fracking is the process in which water, sand, and chemicals are forced with immense pressure, approximately ten to fifteen thousand pounds per square inch, into the shale rockRead MoreFracking, The Splitting Decision : An Analysis1726 Words   |  7 PagesFracking, The Splitting Decision: An Analysis of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Fracking Abstract Fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, is the process of drilling into the Earth and subsequently directly a high-pressure water, sand, and chemical mixture at shale rock to release the gas inside, out through the head of the well. Fracking allows firms to access previously inaccessible resources of oil and gas buried underneath the earth and hidden in the rocks. In the U.S., fracking has boostedRead MoreThe Issue Of Hydraulic Fracturing1444 Words   |  6 Pageshottest new issues that has arisen to the forefront of the battle between environmentalists and the energy industry, where the health of future generations is set against our energy needs and economic growth, is the issue of hydraulic fracturing, or fracking as it is colloquially called. America’s new-found energy independence has been made possible using technology that was only a pipe dream a mere decade ago, slashing the disparity between net imports versus exports of crude oil and petroleum productsRead MoreIs Hydraulic Fracturing Environmentally Safe?1414 Words   |  6 Pagesthe largest producers of natural gas and most of the production is from shale plays. Solar, wind, biomass waste and geothermal and hydroelectric energy have long be en recognized as renewable and sustainable energy resources; however, they only comprise 9% of our energy consumption; this is in comparison to the growing production of natural gas which accounts for 40% of industrial and 74% of residential energy consumption in 2012 (Chen et al. 1). With natural gas production on the rise, several studiesRead MoreU.s. Federal And State Governments1247 Words   |  5 Pagestheir strategic goal of becoming energy independent. Incidentally, recent advances in hydraulic fracturing - a process used to extract oil or gas from underground formations - has contributed significantly to achieving that end. According to Terry Engelder (2011), of the Department of Geosciences at Pennsylvania State University, â€Å"There is enough domestic gas to meet our needs for the foreseeable future thanks to technological advances in hydraulic fracturing† (Howarth, Ingraffia, Engelder, p. 271)Read More Fracking and its Effect on the Environment Essay1464 Words   |  6 PagesOil and natural gas companies have developed a way to drill for natural gas, a process called hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking. Natural gas is a flammable gas mixture consisting of methane and several other hydrocarbons that occur naturally underground. Natural gas is used as fuel for heating, cooking, and even in some automobiles like the â€Å"RideOn† buses. This technique has only recently become economically feasible with the rising prices of fossil fuels, and there is much potentialRead MoreCoal Seam Gas : Coal Gas Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesCoal Seam Gas What is coal seam gas? Coal Seam Gas (CSG) is a natural methane gas found in coal seams made by coal forming under the earth for millions of years. Countries such as the United States and China have utilised it for energy needs. Methane lines the inside of the coal cracks, pores and micro-pores and is found in the open fractures (cleats) and seams. (1) CSG is also known as Coal bed methane (CBM) and Unconventional Gas. Unlike coal itself, the gas lacks hydrogen sulphide. It is extracted

Banning Tobacco Companies From Advertising Their Products...

On February 6, 2001 Government of India released shock news on the tobacco Industry when it announced that it would soon table a bill banning Tobacco Companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The reason for doing this is to discourage the company’s adolescents from overwhelming tobacco products and also arm the Government with powers to launch an anti-Tobacco Program. According to Suhel Seth, CEO, Equus Advertising said, The ban does not have teeth. It is a typical knee-jerk reaction by any Government to create some kind of popularity for itself. The tobacco industry was a major contributor to the State Exchequer. The people who didn’t agree with the ban challenged that by putting a ban on advertisements and sponsorships by tobacco companies, the state was effectively stepping in to tell smokers that they were incompetent of deciding by themselves what was good or bad for their health and that, therefore it had to play the role of a responsible nanny. According to Amit Sarkar, Editor, Tobacco News â€Å"Adults who consume tobacco do so of their own free choice. The risk falls entirely on them and is fully explained to them.† People believe that then if they lose sight of the truth on which all the free societies depend, namely that freedom and risks are inextricable. They also believe that if you can buy and sell tobacco you should be able to advertise for it also. A survey conducted by the Indian Market Research Bureau (IMRB), 49%Show MoreRelatedBan Banning Tobacco Companies From Advertising Their Products And Sponsoring Sports And Cultural Events867 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst started with the ban on tobacco, but this apparently didn’t work out, so , now they are trying to make face to this problem by increasing taxes. On Feb 6, 2001 Government of India (GOI) dropped a bombshell on the tobacco Industry when it announced that it would shortly table a bill banning Tobacco Companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The objective of such a ban was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products and also arm the GovernmentRead MoreBAN ON TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENT IN INDIA800 Words   |  4 PagesBAN ON TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENT IN INDIA In 2004 the government of India banned tobacco companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The objective was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products as well as empower the government with the power to launch an anti tobacco program. . This issue created a serious problem in that it was both ethical and commercial, the government on one hand, believe it was its responsibility to protect the welfare ofRead MoreThe Case Ban On Tobacco Ads And Talks About The Conflict Of Interests Between Tobacco Producers And The Government Essay901 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay is a case study analysis that uses the case Ban on Tobacco Ads and talks about the conflict of interests between tobacco producers and the Government of India. In Feb 2001 the Government of India published the news on tabling a bill that bans Tobacco companies on advertising cigarettes and sponsoring the sports and other cultural events. (1) There are several arguments that support the Government’s decision: 1. Protection of people’s health. As World Health Organization states thatRead MoreIndias Ban on Tobacco664 Words   |  3 Pagesaddiction of marijuana and cocaine, tobacco is becoming more dangerous and damaging drug in the world. Due to its increasing effect in deteriorating health and death tolls on humans, it has become the main concern for many governments and forced them to act and take measures to minimize the damage caused by tobacco products. One typical example of these authorities is the Indian government. For this session of written assignment, I will analyze a case study of ban on tobacco Ads by Indian government. ByRead MoreArgument On The Tobacco Advertising944 Words   |  4 Pages ARGUMENT ON THE TOBACCO ADVERTISING On Feb 6, 2001 Government of India (GOI) dropped a bombshell on the tobacco Industry when it announced that it would shortly table a bill banning Tobacco Companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The people that support the government plan on banning Tobacco Companies from advertising their product, believe state had the right to intervene in the overall interest of the citizens. They also cited the exampleRead MoreThe Ban On Tobacco Advertising987 Words   |  4 PagesOn Feb 6, 2001, Government of India announced a bill banning Tobacco Companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The objective was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products and also arm the Government with powers to launch an anti-Tobacco Program. Summarize the arguments for the ban on tobacco advertising in India. Advocates of free choice opposed to these prohibitions, saying these amounted to unwarranted intrusion by the state into theRead MoreThe Government Of India ( Goi ) Proposed Ban On Tobacco Advertising946 Words   |  4 Pagesproposed ban on tobacco advertising was not unusual keeping in view the international precedents. Countries like France, Finland, and Norway had already imposed similar bans. An example is Belgium whose Supreme Court (of Appeal in 1981, gave its ruling that a ban on tobacco advertising was not unconstitutional. In a case which started in 1991 and ended in 1997, RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, marketer of Camel cigarettes, was forced to withdraw its mascot, Joe Carmel, an animated camel, from all its advertisementsRead MoreThe Government Of India ( Goi ) Proposed Ban On Tobacco Advertising947 Words   |  4 Pagesproposed ban on tobacco advertising was not unusual keeping in view the international precedents. Countries like France, Finland, and Norway had already i mposed similar bans. An example is Belgium whose Supreme Court (of Appeal in 1981, gave its ruling that a ban on tobacco advertising was not unconstitutional. In a case which started in 1991 and ended in 1997, RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, marketer of Camel cigarettes, was forced to withdraw its mascot, Joe Carmel, an animated camel, from all its advertisementsRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics864 Words   |  4 Pagesdecision when they announced the sudden tabling of a bill to banning Tobacco Companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports or cultural events. The decision caused a great uproar from the people. What had prompted such a move? Did the GOI consider the repercussions? What legislature was in place to reinforce the ban? ITC Ltd actually commented that the legislation had not been thought thorough. Suhel Seth, CEO, Equus advertising saw the move as a government strategy to gain publicityRead MoreThe Ban of Tobacco Advertising in India757 Words   |  3 PagesIndia (GOI) announces a bill about banning Tobacco companies from advertising their product and sponsoring sport and cultural events. The bill mission is to reduce consumption of tobacco products. This paper is based on information provided by the case study and is divided into four section. The first section summarizes arguments in favor of the ban on tobacco advertising in India. The second section summarizes arguments in opposition of the ban on tobacco advertising in Indian. The third sections discuss

Australian Progressive Economic Development

Question: Discuss about the Australian Progressive Economic Development. Answer: Introduction The demand of a product by the consumer is what triggers the production. After a market research and an effort made by a potential entrepreneur to identify a market gap, one of the key factor that influences his or her decision on whether to engage in the production of the commodity under research is the size of the market (Brandow, 1961). Apart from that he or she also looks on other factors such as does the market have any potential of growth? How easy is it to obtain the raw materials that are crucial in the production of a product? What are the government policies in the area? How well is the area developed in terms of infrastructure? Among other things. The size of the market creates a demand pull. The size of the demand pull is determined by the extent the consumers they willing to do to get the commodity. After a production industry has been established by an entrepreneur they have to gauge their supply with the quantity demanded (Smith, Friesz, 1985). These two parameters le ad to the supply and demand curves. This is so because the entrepreneur has to determine an optimal point, an equilibrium, in the curves of which the quantity they supply to the market, is the same amount of quantity demanded and that they will all be purchased. This is to avoid overproduction in the firm which may lead to products going bad while still in the market especially if the company is dealing with foodstuffs which may result to extreme loss by the company and to ensure that there is a continuous production process in the chain of production (Helpman, 1987). In the practical world, market prices are determined good inventory which is held by the manufacturers and not the rate at which goods are supplied to the market by the manufacturers. If they supply goods at an equal rate to which the consumers demand the companys products, then the market will be said to be at equilibrium. However if this is not the case and the manufacturers supply more that the quantity demanded then there will be a possible inflation as they will be forced to lower their prices to attract more buyers. The same case applies if they produce a few products then there will be excess competition in the quantity demanded and this will result in extreme prices to the products (Shafer, Sonnenschein, 1982). Demand This is the ability and willingness of a consumer to purchase a product. The demand for a commodity is mainly a product of two qualities which are the taste and this describes the consumers preference of the very commodity other that other similar commodities in the market and the other is the ability to buy which dictates the consumer ability to purchase the exact commodity at a particular price of which he or she has a preference of taste in it (Sonnenschein, 1973). These two factors rely on the price of the market. For instance when the price of a particular commodity is high in the market there will be a subsequent drop in demand of the product especially when alternative product has a cheaper price and the consumer is not willing to buy the very commodity at the high price or when the consumer disposable income does not put him or her in the position to purchase the commodity at that price. When the prices are low there will be a consequential high demand. This is because at very low prices many consumers of all classes, upper, middle and lower class will be able to purchase the product. However, consumers taste may vary over time. Continued use of the product may alter the demand by the consumer and over time their preference may change and they may opt for other products leading to a drop in demand it (Sonnenschein, 1973). The curve above explains the market demand scenario based on the demand of a commodity. The graph explains the consumers willingness to purchase a commodity at a particular price. However, this graph seem to explain that the quantity demanded is only affected by the price of the product, this is not true as other factors do affect the demand of a commodity by the consumer but in the scenario above they have been kept constant (Jaffe, 1988). Supply This is the ability and the willingness of the suppliers to supply a certain commodity to the market a certain set price. In the case of a higher price of a commodity in te market the suppliers will be more willing to supply are goods as the marginal revenue they realize is increased due to the elevated profits returns. In the practical market a scenario in which the inventory is much less than the desired inventory, the suppliers raises both the price and the volume of their supply to the market. In the short run, increasing the supply of commodities to the market will definitely lead to high production costs which eventually will have a direct impact on the price of the end product as they will rise. This price rise will have a positive impact on the producers as they will increase their supply (Chang, Schorfheide, 2003). The supply curve above slopes upwards. This is because every additional unit is taken to be more complex and difficult to produce than the previous unit and hence this reflects directly on the higher prices per unit increment. A short-term expansion in the production chain can mainly be achieved by making workers work on overtime rates, increase the labor force by contracting to a source from outside or just simply by increasing the workload on the present equipment (Cohen, Diether, Malloy, 2007). Relation between quantity demanded and quantity supplied Demand is a number of products or service that an end consumer is willing and able to buy at a particular price. Supply, on the other hand, refer to the quantity that a manufacturing or service industry is willing and able to supply at a particular market price. Consumers and producers react differently to a fluctuation of the market price of commodities (Jamison, Plott, 1997). For example, when there is an increment in price, the ability and willingness of the suppliers to offer the same commodity in the market will increase. However, on the other hand, the ability and willingness of the consumers to buy the same commodity will reduce. The figure below illustrates the above theory (Smith, Friesz, 1985). In the table above we note the quantity of the commodity supplied at each price. It is clear that as the price decreases there is a corresponding increase in supply and when there is shoot in price there is a corresponding decrease in supply (Guide Jr, Teunter, Van Wassenhove, 2003). The market reaches an equilibrium when there is an equality in the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied as illustrated by the graph below. It is evident that the supply and the demand curves get to equilibrium when the quantity supplied is at 57. Taking for example if the price of the commodity was at 30, the manufacturers would be willing and able to supply 84 units of the products, however from the quantity demanded at a price of 30 only 28 units of the product will be sold and evidently the producers would have so much excess inventory which is definitely a loss to them. To take back their inventory to the optimal level, the producers would have to reduce their market prices to a price of 15 w here the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded are at equilibrium (Freeman, 1979). Quantity of product Analysis using the data provided The number of persons employed is defined as the total number of people with full-time jobs in unison with those in the part-time jobs. Analysis of employment as a full time or part time is derived respect to the number of hours worked by an employee in a typical time span rather than a given reference period. The idea of usual hours is applied to persons working as well as persons on a temporary absenteeism (Burgess, Campbell, 1998). With full-time employment, a worker must have worked for 35 hours or even more within a week. On the other hand, a part-time employment refers to a person having worked for less than 35 hours with a week. With the Australian economic fluctuations, the government decided to study its employment trends over the years. This study would explain the movements of the countrys labor force with special concern focused on the shifting between full time and part time jobs. More so the statics was intended to study the movement in and out of the work duty (Campbe ll, Burgess, 2001) In my analysis I have used the data from 1985 because it is from then that the profit before income of several independent parameters like Accommodation and food services Transport, postal and warehousing Information media and telecommunications Financial and insurance services Rental, hiring and real estate services Rental, hiring and real estate services and ; Total State and Industry. By so doing I will be able to compare various population, gender and employment statistics to come up with a fine prediction of the countrys level of unemployment and the number of worker versus the total profits realized in millions. The increase in population leading to increasing in profits Over the years the pollution of Australia has been increasing steadily. This has been the case with both genders in that the female and the males. However the male population continuously to lead in numbers compared to the female population. An increase in population has a corresponding increase in the number of the available labor force (Dawkins, Norris, 1987). This labor force has been continuously increasing in the industrial basis of Australia hence the level of outputs increased significantly over the years as the population progressively grew as shown in the graph below (Romeyn, 1992). Gender based unemployment Following the data provided it is evident that the population of the male gender unemployed is far much great than their female counterparts. This can be explained that the male population in the country is leading the female population (Pettit, Hook, 2005). This is then directly reflected in the number of unemployed as there are more male unemployed compared to the female population (Preston, A., Whitehouse, G. (2004). In the early years the female gender did not participate much in employment but over the year they have caught up with the male gender and even the female unemployed to employed ratios has been increasing over the years (Pocock, Elton, Preston, Charlesworth, MacDonald, Baird, Ellem, 2008). Comparison of the employed versus the unemployed population The level of the unemployed compared to that of the employed population gives the graph below. It shows that the employed population is by far much great compared to the unemployed one. The economic condition in Australia has a favorable job market and most of the population readily get a job. This is also evident in the unemployed to population ratio. This ratio presents a very small figure that continuously drop over the years (Romeyn, 1992). The total population versus the employed population As the data presents there not much difference between the total population and the employed population. At the early years, the two graphs show a small figure in this trend. However as the years progressed there was a growth in population as well as the countrys economy. The economic growth boosted the countrys economy and the industrial, production and servicing sectors employed even more people from the growing population. However, the too much population could not be fully employed as some remained unemployed as stipulated from the graph above (Gornick, 1994). The total population increase leading to an increase in social services With the population increasing over the years the government has realized an increase in the provision of social amenities. This is because with the continuous growth in population and the countrys economy, the labor force has enjoyed incomes which has consequently increased their disposable income making them opt for better standards of living which incorporate the social amenities. These include the infrastructural tools as well as the social requirements by the general public (Lebow, Saks, Wilson, 2003). Analysis of nominal and real wages and their interrelationship A nominal wage is a standard rate of payment that employee is compensated. This payment has not the adjustment in the case of inflation. On the other hand, real wage is the quality of services and the amount of goods that a worker buys from his/normal wages. The labor supply id primarily determined by the real wage. In that, the economic status of a workforce is measured on the basis of the amount of products and services he/she is able to purchase. In the case when the prices of the products and services have been doubled, the laborer will have to double his/her amount of the nominal wage to be able to purchase the exact quantity of the product (Bhaduri, Marglin, 1990). Nominal wage is mainly measured in monetary values. The real wage, however, is nominal wage in a given economy after changes in purchasing capability of a worker. They are related in that the real wage is given by nominal wage divided by price levels (Lebow, Stockton, Wascher, 1995). Real wage = nominal wage/price level The workforce mostly is much concerned with the real wage and not the normal wage. This is so because the real wage takes into account the trade-off between the time spent in leisure and the ones in purchasing of good and services. Firms mainly are concerned with the real wage because it estimates the bill that the firm will endure in case they are to increase their workforce numbers (Bhaduri, Marglin, 1990). Conclusion Australia is an excellent example of an ever growing country will excellent economic grow. The analysis of the data has proven that the country is just more than providing a job for its employees but also taking care of their welfare in terms of nursing homes and provision of insurance policies all round matters affecting the employees as a whole. The country has provided a favorable environment to attract external investors who have established businesses within the country thus ensuring its population is free of unemployment and despite this is not yet achieved the statistical data clearly suggests that the country is in the right track on the fight against unemployment (Kidd, 1993). The government has also encouraged women to participate in the development of the countrys economy by giving them job and we can see that the level of women employed is now almost at par with that of the male. This strategy should be enumerated by other countries one of the best ways to ensure economic growth (Lebow, Stockton, Wascher, 1995). References Bhaduri, A., Marglin, S. (1990). Unemployment and the real wage: the economic basis for contesting political ideologies. Cambridge journal of Economics, 14(4), 375-393. Brandow, G. E. (1961). Interrelations among demands for farm products and implications for control of market supply. Burgess, J., Campbell, I. (1998). Casual employment in Australia: growth, characteristics, a bridge or a trap?. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 9(1), 31-54. Burgess, J., Strachan, G. (1999). The expansion in non-standard employment in Australia and the extension of employers control. In Global trends in flexible labour (pp. 121-140). Macmillan Education UK. Campbell, I., Burgess, J. (2001). Casual employment in Australia and temporary employment in Europe: Developing a cross-national comparison. Work, Employment Society, 15(1), 171-184. Chang, Y., Schorfheide, F. (2003). Labor-supply shifts and economic fluctuations. Journal of monetary Economics, 50(8), 1751-1768. Cohen, L., Diether, K. B., Malloy, C. J. (2007). Supply and demand shifts in the shorting market. The Journal of Finance, 62(5), 2061-2096. Dawkins, P. J., Norris, K. (1987). Casual employment in Australia. Murdoch University. Freeman, C. (1979). The determinants of innovation: Market demand, technology, and the response to social problems. Futures, 11(3), 206-215. Gornick, J. C. (1994). Women, employment, and part-time work: a comparative study of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. Harvard University. Guide Jr, V. D. R., Teunter, R. H., Van Wassenhove, L. N. (2003). Matching demand and supply to maximize profits from remanufacturing. Manufacturing Service Operations Management, 5(4), 303-316. Helpman, E. (1987). Macroeconomic effects of price controls: The role of market structure. Jaffe, A. B. (1988). Demand and supply influences in R D intensity and productivity growth. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 431-437. Jamison, J. C., Plott, C. R. (1997). Costly offers and the equilibration properties of the multiple unit double auction under conditions of unpredictable shifts of demand and supply. Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, 32(4), 591-612. Kidd, M. P. (1993). Immigrant wage differentials and the role of self employment in Australia. Australian Economic Papers, 32(60), 92-115. Lebow, D. E., Saks, R. E., Wilson, B. A. (2003). Downward nominal wage rigidity: Evidence from the employment cost index. Advances in Macroeconomics, 3(1). Lebow, D. E., Stockton, D. J., Wascher, W. (1995). Inflation, nominal wage rigidity, and the efficiency of labor markets. Mowery, D., Rosenberg, N. (1979). The influence of market demand upon innovation: a critical review of some recent empirical studies. Research policy, 8(2), 102-153. Pettit, B., Hook, J. (2005). The structure of women's employment in comparative perspective. Social Forces, 84(2), 779-801. Pocock, B., Elton, J., Preston, A., Charlesworth, S., MacDonald, F., Baird, M., Ellem, B. (2008). The Impact ofWork Choices' on Women in Low Paid Employment in Australia: A Qualitative Analysis. Journal of Industrial Relations, 50(3), 475-488. Preston, A., Whitehouse, G. (2004). Gender differences in occupation of employment within Australia. Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 7(3), 309. Romeyn, Jane. (1992). Flexible working time: part-time and casual employment: an information and discussion paper. Shafer, W., Sonnenschein, H. (1982). Market demand and excess demand functions. Handbook of mathematical economics, 2, 671-693. Smith, T. E., Friesz, T. L. (1985). Spatial market equilibria with flow-dependent supply and demand: The single commodity case. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 15(2), 181-218. Sonnenschein, H. (1973). The utility hypothesis and market demand theory. Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science.

The New Age After the 1500s Essay Example For Students

The New Age After the 1500s Essay After 1500 there were many signs that a new age of world history was beginning, for example the discovery of America and the first European enterprises in Asia. This new age was dominated by the astonishing success of one civilization among many, that of Europe. There was more and more continuous interconnection between events in all countries, but it is to be explained by European efforts. Europeans eventually became masters of the globe and they used their mastery to make the world one. That resulted in a unity of world history that can be detected until today. Politics, empire-building, and military expansion were only a tiny part of what was going on. Besides the economic integration of the globe there was a much more important process going on: The spreading of assumptions and ideas. The result was to be One World. The age of independent The history of the centuries since 1500 can be described as a series of wars and violent struggles. We will write a custom essay on The New Age After the 1500s specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Obviously men in different countries did not like another much more than their predecessors did. However, they were much more alike than their ancestors were, which was an outcome of what we now call modernization. One could also say that the world was Europeanized, for modernization was a matter of ideas and techniques which have an European origin. It was with the modernization of Europe that the unification of world history began. A great change in Europe was the starting-point of modern history.There was a continuing economic predominance of agriculture. Agricultural progress increasingly took two main forms: Orientation towards the market, and technical innovation. They were interconnected. A large population in the neighborhood meant a market and therefore an incentive. Even in the fifteenth century the inhabitants of so called low countries were already leaders in the techniques of intensive cultivation. Better drainage opened the way to better pasture and to a larger animal population. Agricultural improvement favored the reorganization of land in bigger farms, the reduction of the number of small holders, the employment of wage labor, and high capital investment in buildings, drainage and In the late sixteenth century one response to the pressure of expanding population upon slowly growing resources had been the promoting of emigration. By 1800, Europeans had made a large contribution to the peopling of new lands overseas. It was already discernible in the sixteenth century when there began the long expansion of world commerce which was to last until 1930. It started by carrying further the shift of economic gravity from southern to north-western Europe, from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, which has already been remarked. One contribution to this was made by political troubles and wars such as ruined Italy in the early sixteenth century. The great commercial success story of the sixteenth century was Antwerps, though it collapsed after a few decades in political and economic disaster. In the seventeenth century Amsterdam and London surpassed it. In each case an important trade based on a well-populated hinterland provided profits for diversification into manufacturing industry, services, and banking. The Bank of Amsterdam and The Bank of England were already international economic forces in the in the seventeenth century. About them clustered other banks and merchant houses undertaking operations of credit and finance. Interest rates came down and the bill of exchange, a medieval invention, underwent an enormous extension of use and became the primary financial instrument of international trade. This was the beginning of the increasing use of paper, instead of bullion. In the eighteenth century came the first European paper currencies and the invention of the check. .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 , .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .postImageUrl , .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 , .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8:hover , .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8:visited , .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8:active { border:0!important; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8:active , .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Use of Suspense in Julius Caesar Essay Joint stock companies generated another form of negotiable security, their own shares. Quotation of these in London coffee-houses in the seventeenth century was overtaken by the foundation of the London Stock Exchange. By 1800 similar institutions existed in many other countries. It was also the time of some spectacular disastrous investment projects, one of which was the great English South Sea Bubble. But all the time the world was growing more commercial, more used to the idea of employing money to make money, and was supplying itself with the apparatus of modern One effect quickly

Reflections of the First Amendment Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Reflections of the First Amendment Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Reflections of the First Amendment Reflections of the First Amendment Reflections of the First Amendment University of Phoenix HIS/301- The United States Constitution Reflections of the First Amendment The First Amendment, also called the Great Amendment, is in many ways the cornerstone of America?s free, open, and tolerant society. The First Amendment is the basis of a democracy that values individual liberty. The amendment protects the freedom of religion, press, speech, assembly, and petition. It guarantees that Americans can share the information they need for a strong public debate on the issues, and to act on the issues. The five freedoms specifically protected in the First Amendment are not mutually exclusive, so there has been considerable overlap in real-life cases. Freedom of Religion The First Amendment guarantees that the government will not prefer one religion over another. It also guarantees that the government will not prefer religion in general over nonreligion or the lack of religion. The protections for religion in the First Amendment are two-sided. The Establishment Clause says, ?Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion?while the Exercise Clause says, ?or prohibiting the free exercise thereof .The Establishment Clause is considered absolute; the government cannot prohibit anyone from establishing or following their own religion. In one of the first religion cases to come before the Supreme Court, a Utah man asked the justices to overturn a federal law prohibiting polygamy; he said having more than one wife was part of his Mormon religion. The court held up the polygamy law, reasoning that religion was not a license for extreme behavior (The Christian Monitor). The Supreme Court had seen a raise in First Amendment cases in the mid-twentieth century, many of them involving Jehovah?s Witnesses appealing against local laws aimed at keeping them from practicing the ?witness? part of their faith by going door-to-door and handing out leaflets. One law that was overturned required them to have permits, and another let authorities charge them with littering for leaving their leaflets around town. (NewsMax.com Wires2002) School Prayer In 1962, the Supreme Court ruled that the New York Board of Regents violated the First Amendment by requiring a prayer, written to be non-denominational, to be recited in public schools. The following year, the court ruled that public schools cannot require daily Bible readings or recitations, including the Lord?s Prayer (FindLaw 2011). A 1985 Supreme Court case overturned an Alabama law allowing schools to have a one-minute of silence at the start of the school day; it might have permissible if the minute of silence was for nonreligious purposes. Subsequent cases have held that invocations at public school graduation ceremonies are unconstitutional, even if attendance is voluntary and the students vote to have an opening prayer, and so are student-initiated prayers before public-school football games (FindLaw, 2011). Religious Displays A religion-oriented display, such as the manger scene at Christmas, is not necessarily a violation of church and state. The Supreme Court has held that it is, depending on whether it seems to be presented to benefit or promote a particular view of religion, or whether it is part of a more secular display to celebrate the season. A manger scene in a county courthouse has been held unconstitutional, for example, while a Christmas tree and a menorah have been allowed. Similarly, displays of religious symbols such as the Ten Commandments may or may not violate the First Amendment. The court pointed out the distinction, by a pair of five to four rulings, in two cases in 2005. The cases were distinguished by a single swing vote, Justice David Souter. Souter said a Ten Commandments monument in a Texas park at the state capitol in Austin was all right because there were other nonreligious symbols of law and justice in the park. On the other hand, he said Ten Commandment plaques placed in Ken tucky courthouses appeared to be religious symbols because they stand alone, rather than as a part of a larger secular display (Marus 2005, Associated Baptist Press). One of the most highly publicized cases involving religious symbols began in 2001, when Alabama Chief Justice Roy Moore installed a large monument in the state judicial building. The ACLU and others filed a suit, claiming the monument violated the separation of

Return of the native; a complex chracterisation

Return of the native; a complex chracterisation 'In Eustacia, Hardy creates a woman who challenges conventions of her society' How do you respond to Hardy's presentation in 'Return of the native' of the conventions surrounding the relations between men and women?Contemporary readers tend to take for granted the notion that literature does not convey, or even attempt to convey, absolute truth. Since the modernist movement at the beginning of the 20th century, literature has tended to pose questions rather than define answers. One of the hallmarks of modern literature can be said to be unreliability: authors and readers recognize that literature is difficult; it is not to be trusted, or to be taken at its face value. In 1878, when The Return of the Native was first published, ambiguity was hardly understood to be the cornerstone of the novelistic edifice. And yet, while The Return of the Native is formally conventional, thematically it thrives on doubt and ambiguity.100_2238With its extensive narrative description, abundant classica l and scriptural references and stylized dialogue, the book adheres closely to the high Victorian style. Thematically, however, the novel is original and ingenious: not trusting perceptions, the book questions moral and ethical truths, implying the superiority of relative to absolute truth. It is an eminently unreliable novel, peopled with unreliable characters; even its narrator cannot be trusted.Take, for instance, the example of Egdon Heath, the first "character" introduced into the book. The heath proves physically and psychologically important throughout the novel: characters are defined by their relation to the heath, and the weather patterns of the heath even reflect the inner dramas of the characters. Indeed, it almost seems as if the characters are formed by the heath itself: Diggory Venn, red from head to toe, is an actual embodiment of the muddy earth; Eustacia Vye...

The Fashioned Body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Fashioned Body - Essay Example The essay "The Fashioned Body" discusses the topic of Gender Identity and Social Norms. These include biological factors such as genetic constitution. Social factors also influence gender identity. This paper discusses how one set of social factors, namely social norms, influences a person's perception of being a man or a woman. In order to accomplish this task, backgrounds on gender identity and social norms will be discussed. Thereafter, specific aspects of social norms and how they affect gender identity will be examined. Sigmund Freud is largely held as the father of modern psychoanalysis. In 1905, Freud presented their theory of psychological development in a publication titled Tree Essays on the Theory of Sexuality. Freud claimed and purported to prove that prior to birth, infants do not distinguish between the sexes(Elgstrom, 2000). To them, both the father and the mother have the same reproductive organs and abilities. Based on this, Freud inferred that that originally, a per son is wired to be bisexual. They added that heterosexuality was the result of repression during infancy when gender identity becomes embedded in the infant. According to Freud, at this stage, the child experiences sexual fantasies for the parent of the opposite sex while developing hatred for the parent of the same sex. The problem with Freud is that they tried to explain everything in terms of sex and sexuality. For instance, they are on record for claiming that the reason a farmer engages in crop farming.

Entreprenuership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Entreprenuership - Essay Example Similarly, customers are issued with â€Å"thank you† messages, letters and even phone calls. Therefore, this makes a person to feel valued and an important member of the business (Kivetz, Urminsky and Zheng, 2006). Also, such retail outlets provided an environment conducive to me, and this attracted my attention. The sales people were customer friendly and they always approach each and every customer with the right offer in a right way. However, Wal-Mart or Supervalu have the strategy of bringing back the â€Å"lost sheep†. These grocery retail outlets provided extraordinary customer services. All their products were delivered on time, and they ensure that they meet their deadline. The most important thing is that they deliver zero-defect product, and they also have an outstanding people who offer their services. They have complaints procedure whereby customers can place their dissatisfaction about the retail outlet. Additionally, after receiving complaints, they act on them promptly by issuing a letter of apology or call their customers, and also making follow-up actions. Lastly, the three retail outlets always respond to customers’ concern. For example, there was a time when the products from most groceries were too expensive to most customers. The real thing they did was to offer a discount. Therefore, such kind of services to customers made me pick Wal-Mart, Whole Foods and Supervalu over other groceries retail outlets. Kivetz, Ran, Oleg Urminsky, and Yuhuang Zheng. "The goal-gradient hypothesis resurrected: Purchase acceleration, illusionary goal progress, and customer retention." Journal of Marketing Research 43.1 (2006):

Review of Related Literatures and Studies Essay Example for Free

Review of Related Literatures and Studies Essay Local Studies: One of the past local studies that is relevant to our research was made way back 2009. I think it has something to help in our current issues about our researches.   On December 5, 2009, Mapua Institute of Technology finalized their research named â€Å"The effects of Computer Addiction to the Academic Performances of Mapua Institute of Technology First year Students†. It seems like familiar or should I say Same Title but in our research we include Computer Games Addiction and also its effect on academic performance on selected freshmen CCIS students. This research was made by 4 Mapua Students. In their research, they interviewed 16 first year students about study habits and computer addiction. As the survey results, 11 participants were classified computer addicts. The results of that survey back 2009 showed that computer addicts spends more time playing computer than studying. Their research also concluded that computer addiction have lead students to have a declining grade on their academic performances of first year students in the said University. With the help of this past research, we can make our research stronger and more useful. It will give us more information and ideas that are related to what are the goals we want to achieve. Philline Kate Vera C. Palaà ±a, Juan Paolo D. Rabacio,Marjorie Maralit, Nidia P.D.C. Andrade. The-Effects-of-Computer-Addiction-to-the-Academic-Performances-of-Mapua-Institute-of-Technology-First-Year-Students. 5 December 2009. http://www.scribd.com. Philline Kate Vera C. Palaà ±aJuan Paolo D. RabacioMarjorie Maralit Nidia P.D.C. AndradeMapua Institute of Technology. Local Literature: â€Å"Video games will ruin your children’s future†- Cesar Tolentino, a Market Research Analyst and Consultant here in the Philippines. In his blog/ article on http://www.gdap.org.ph, where the title of his featured blog is â€Å"Turning the tide: Changing the Filipino Outlook Towards Gaming†. He stated there that â€Å"there are cases of overuse and abuse among gamers for online games in the country, we should advocate responsible gaming†. In this case, many students failed in their academic performance because of too much playing or becoming addict in computer games. He stated also, † It’s all a matter of mind conditioning. Often those who became so addicted to games and suffered low grades or failures in school also have family problems. Responsible gamers know their priorities. There are actually many valedictorians and dean’s listers who play video and computer games too.† I think this will help us in finding the reason why many students keep playing computer games at all. Tolentino, Cesar. features/turning-the-tide-changing-the-filipino-outlook-towards-gaming/. 6 July 2011. http://www.gdap.org.ph. http://www.gdap.org.ph/features/turning-the-tide-changing-the-filipino-outlook-towards-gaming/.

A.I. - Complex and Rich :: Movie Film comparison compare contrast

A.I. the Movie - Complex and Rich      Ã‚  Ã‚   The pastime of viewing films has enraptured me for all of my memorable life. No director has provoked my attention and incisively touched me at the most extreme and deep levels as Stanley Kubrick. To call Kubrick my favorite filmmaker would be an understatement. In 1994 Stanley Kubrick called up his longtime friend Steven Spielberg and asked him to come over to his home, just outside London, as he had something important to discuss with him. Spielberg flew out that night. The following day Kubrick told Spielberg he wanted him to direct A.I. as a Stanley Kubrick Production with Kubrick producing. Kubrick provided Spielberg with the reasoning that the film would be better suited to his directing style and his computer special effects fluency (Stanley Kubrick: LIP). As Kubrick had been working on A.I. since the 1980s he had difficulties in several areas with the project. He never found a writer to his satisfaction that he could collaborate with and form a screenplay. Kubrick also could not solve certain issues with the film such as the portrayal of Gigolo Joe and other core elements of the story (Daly, Harlan). Additionally Kubrick was not satisfied with the state of technology and computer graphics and he knew that if he waited just a few years, making a much better film would be possible. A.I. remained a work in progress and Spielberg went on to other endeavors as he "opted not to" direct A.I. a few months later (Daly 28). Nevertheless Kubrick still consulted with Spielberg on A.I. and shelved it for a bit so he could make the interim film, Eyes Wide Shut. Kubrick died shortly thereafter. A.I. was passed down in a sense, and Spielberg picked it back up and attempted to do in two years what Kubrick was struggling to do for a good decade and a half. There is a lot to like about the finished product of A.I. I choose to not be bothered by the parts of the film that I feel are 'glossy'. I found watching it to be a captivating experience. Let no mistake be made, A.I. is a Steven Spielberg film. Sure, Spielberg utilized the numerous conversations he had with Kubrick as well as "Kubrick's copious but scattershot preparatory outlines, notes, and drawings" but I can only imagine what A.I. would have been had Kubrick made the picture (Daly 30).

Prostitution: Brothel and Strong Religion Essay

Social effects that usually happens to individuals is that individuals will continue to be involved with symptoms of brothels. Future individuals will be destroyed by evil issues. Among them are regarded by society despised around. Usually prostitutes will be isolated when not whore himself due to age, health and others. In the family, the prostitutes will be sorted from the lives of family members with normal. This is because family members can not receive part of the family of prostitutes and it can be embarrassing if erudition by family contacts and the general public. This contempt because prostitutes regarded by the community east of specific communities that have a strong religion. This has been proven when a child in a family in Kuala Lumpur recently been removed because at the time the young mother, her mother has been in the brothels. This is shown family members wanted the family name clean from prostitution. In society, the prostitutes are considered as a polluting pariah image of a place. For example, around Jalan Haji Taib is known for prostitution since the first again. In addition, the number of cases to remove children is increasing. Some people do not give the family past by the road and they approach the area although other aims. Name the country will also be contaminated and will be the focus of the public. National social problems will continue to increase with many activities because prostitution happens this will lead to symptoms such as rape, murder and so forth. This can worsen the situation. In the economic system, the effects of prostitution can bring good and bad. for example, in Malaysia adverse effects arising from prostitution area is known for prostitution will not be visited by the family customers. This is because parents do not want their children near the area of prostitution. In addition, the area will be filled with prostitute- prostitute and the customer waiting area into the cause of black people who have a strong religion. Malaysia in the area if possible will always be a concern for the authorities and led to fewer young customers do business there. government also had to spend some money to treat the diseases caused by HIV prostitution directly or indirectly. This case, causing the government provision of education, welfare and others reduced. If countries in Asia other, prostitution is a major source of income. For example, Thailand has made the activity of prostitution as a pull tourists from within and outside the country. This will lead to the establishment of Thailand is famous for its house of prostitution are controlled by the government. People overseas who wish to obtain services to prostitutes to visit Thailand. It also introduces various side effects with other tourism products. Beside that also, prostitution affects the lifestyle of poor communities. For example, prostitution can cause disease outbreaks or epidemics of HIV among comumitty. Spread of the disease can spread if individuals who do not follow how to avoid sexual diseases such HIV. A person who has been infected with HIV have to produce more spending to treat this disease. Fitness level of people who are infected this will result in decreased productivity and produced no worthwhile and less quality. For example, individuals who are infected with HIV do not work with the spirit and focus on something jobs will be lost.

The Lost Symbol Chapter 127-128

CHAPTER 127 The breeze felt cold outside CIA headquarters in Langley. Nola Kaye was shivering as she followed sys-sec Rick Parrish across the agency's moonlit central courtyard. Where is Rick taking me? The crisis of the Masonic video had been averted, thank God, but Nola still felt uneasy. The redacted file on the CIA director's partition remained a mystery, and it was nagging at her. She and Sato would debrief in the morning, and Nola wanted all the facts. Finally, she had called Rick Parrish and demanded his help. Now, as she followed Rick to some unknown location outside, Nola could not push the bizarre phrases from her memory: Secret location underground where the . . . somewhere in Washington, D.C., the coordinates . . . uncovered an ancient portal that led . . . warning the pyramid holds dangerous . . . decipher this engraved symbolon to unveil . . . â€Å"You and I agree,† Parrish said as they walked, â€Å"that the hacker who spidered those keywords was definitely searching for information about the Masonic Pyramid.† Obviously, Nola thought. â€Å"It turns out, though, the hacker stumbled onto a facet of the Masonic mystery I don't think he expected.† â€Å"What do you mean?† â€Å"Nola, you know how the CIA director sponsors an internal discussion forum for Agency employees to share their ideas about all kinds of things?† â€Å"Of course.† The forums provided Agency personnel a safe place to chat online about various topics and gave the director a kind of virtual gateway to his staff. â€Å"The director's forums are hosted on his private partition, and yet in order to provide access to employees of all clearance levels, they're located outside the director's classified firewall.† â€Å"What are you getting at?† she demanded as they rounded a corner near the Agency cafeteria. â€Å"In a word . . .† Parrish pointed into the darkness. â€Å"That.† Nola glanced up. Across the plaza in front of them was a massive metal sculpture glimmering in the moonlight. In an agency that boasted over five hundred pieces of original art, this sculpture–titled Kryptos–was by far the most famous. Greek for â€Å"hidden,† Kryptos was the work of American artist James Sanborn and had become something of a legend here at the CIA. The work consisted of a massive S-shaped panel of copper, set on its edge like a curling metal wall. Engraved into the expansive surface of the wall were nearly two thousand letters . . . organized into a baffling code. As if this were not enigmatic enough, positioned carefully in the area around the encrypted S-wall were numerous other sculptural elements–granite slabs at odd angles, a compass rose, a magnetic lodestone, and even a message in Morse code that referenced â€Å"lucid memory† and â€Å"shadow forces.† Most fans believed that these pieces were clues that would reveal how to decipher the sculpture. Kryptos was art . . . but it was also an enigma. Attempting to decipher its encoded secret had become an obsession for cryptologists both inside and outside the CIA. Finally, a few years back, a portion of the code had been broken, and it became national news. Although much of Kryptos's code remained unsolved to this day, the sections that had been deciphered were so bizarre that they made the sculpture only more mysterious. It referenced secret underground locations, portals that led into ancient tombs, longitudes and latitudes . . . Nola could still recall bits and pieces of the deciphered sections: The information was gathered and transmitted underground to an unknown location . . . It was totally invisible . . . hows that possible . . . they used the earths magnetic field . . . Nola had never paid much attention to the sculpture or cared if it was ever fully deciphered. At the moment, however, she wanted answers. â€Å"Why are you showing me Kryptos?† Parrish gave her a conspiratorial smile and dramatically extracted a folded sheet of paper from his pocket. â€Å"Voila, the mysterious redacted document you were so concerned about. I accessed the complete text.† Nola jumped. â€Å"You snooped the director's classified partition?† â€Å"No. That's what I was getting at earlier. Have a look.† He handed her the file. Nola seized the page and unfolded it. When she saw the standard Agency headers at the top of the page, she cocked her head in surprise. This document was not classified. Not even close. EMPLOYEE DISCUSSION BOARD: KRYPTOS COMPRESSED STORAGE: THREAD #2456282.5 Nola found herself looking at a series of postings that had been compressed into a single page for more efficient storage. â€Å"Your keyword document,† Rick said, â€Å"is some cipher-punks rambling about Kryptos.† Nola scanned down the document until she spotted a sentence containing a familiar set of keywords. Jim, the sculpture says it was transmitted to a secret location UNDERGROUND where the info was hidden. â€Å"This text is from the director's online Kryptos forum,† Rick explained. â€Å"The forum's been going for years. There are literally thousands of postings. I'm not surprised one of them happened to contain all the keywords.† Nola kept scanning down until she spotted another posting containing keywords. Even though Mark said the code's lat/long headings point somewhere in WASHINGTON, D.C., the coordinates he used were off by one degree–Kryptos basically points back to itself. Parrish walked over to the statue and ran his palm across the cryptic sea of letters. â€Å"A lot of this code has yet to be deciphered, and there are plenty of people who think the message might actually relate to ancient Masonic secrets.† Nola now recalled murmurs of a Masonic/Kryptos link, but she tended to ignore the lunatic fringe. Then again, looking around at the various pieces of the sculpture arranged around the plaza, she realized that it was a code in pieces–a symbolon–just like the Masonic Pyramid. Odd. For a moment, Nola could almost see Kryptos as a modern Masonic Pyramid–a code in many pieces, made of different materials, each playing a role. â€Å"Do you think there's any way Kryptos and the Masonic Pyramid might be hiding the same secret?† â€Å"Who knows?† Parrish shot Kryptos a frustrated look. â€Å"I doubt we'll ever know the whole message. That is, unless someone can convince the director to unlock his safe and sneak a peek at the solution.† Nola nodded. It was all coming back to her now. When Kryptos was installed, it arrived with a sealed envelope containing a complete decryption of the sculpture's codes. The sealed solution was entrusted to then – CIA director William Webster, who locked it in his office safe. The document was allegedly still there, having been transferred from director to director over the years. Strangely, Nola's thoughts of William Webster sparked her memory, bringing back yet another portion of Kryptos's deciphered text: IT'S BURIED OUT THERE SOMEWHERE. WHO KNOWS THE EXACT LOCATION? ONLY WW. Although nobody knew exactly what was buried out there, most people believed the WW was a reference to William Webster. Nola had heard whispers once that it referred in fact to a man named William Whiston–a Royal Society theologian–although she had never bothered to give it much thought. Rick was talking again. â€Å"I've got to admit, I'm not really into artists, but I think this guy Sanborn's a serious genius. I was just looking online at his Cyrillic Projector project? It shines giant Russian letters from a KGB document on mind control. Freaky.† Nola was no longer listening. She was examining the paper, where she had found the third key phrase in another posting. Right, that whole section is verbatim from some famous archaeologist's diary, telling about the moment he dug down and uncovered an ANCIENT PORTAL that led to the tomb of Tutankhamen. The archaeologist who was quoted on Kryptos, Nola knew, was in fact famed Egyptologist Howard Carter. The next posting referenced him by name. I just skimmed the rest of Carter's field notes online, and it sounds like he found a clay tablet warning the PYRAMID holds dangerous consequences for anyone who disturbs the peace of the pharaoh. A curse! Should we be worried? 🙂 Nola scowled. â€Å"Rick, for God's sake, this idiot's pyramid reference isn't even right. Tutankhamen wasn't buried in a pyramid. He was buried in the Valley of the Kings. Don't cryptologists watch the Discovery Channel?† Parrish shrugged. â€Å"Techies.† Nola now saw the final key phrase. Guys, you know I'm not a conspiracy theorist, but Jim and Dave had better decipher this ENGRAVED SYMBOLON to unveil its final secret before the world ends in 2012 . . . Ciao. â€Å"Anyhow,† Parrish said, â€Å"I figured you'd want to know about the Kryptos forum before you accused the CIA director of harboring classified documentation about an ancient Masonic legend. Somehow, I doubt a man as powerful as the CIA director has time for that sort of thing.† Nola pictured the Masonic video and its images of all the influential men participating in an ancient rite. If Rick had any idea . . . In the end, she knew, whatever Kryptos ultimately revealed, the message definitely had mystical undertones. She gazed up at the gleaming piece of art–a three-dimensional code standing silently at the heart of one of the nation's premier intelligence agencies–and she wondered if it would ever give up its final secret. As she and Rick headed back inside, Nola had to smile. It's buried out there somewhere. CHAPTER 128 This is crazy. Blindfolded, Robert Langdon could see nothing as the Escalade sped southward along the deserted streets. On the seat beside him, Peter Solomon remained silent. Where is he taking me? Langdon's curiosity was a mix of intrigue and apprehension, his imagination in overdrive as it tried desperately to put the pieces together. Peter had not wavered from his claim. The Lost Word? Buried at the bottom of a staircase that's covered by a massive, engraved stone? It all seemed impossible. The stone's alleged engraving was still lodged in Langdon's memory . . . and yet the seven symbols, as far as he could tell, made no sense together at all. The Stonemason's Square: the symbol of honesty and being â€Å"true.† The letters Au: the scientific abbreviation for the element gold. The Sigma: the Greek letter S, the mathematical symbol for the sum of all parts. The Pyramid: the Egyptian symbol of man reaching heavenward. The Delta: the Greek letter D, the mathematical symbol for change. Mercury: as depicted by its most ancient alchemical symbol. The Ouroboros: the symbol of wholeness and at-one-ment. Solomon still insisted these seven symbols were a â€Å"message.† But if this was true, then it was a message Langdon had no idea how to read. The Escalade slowed suddenly and turned sharply right, onto a different surface, as if into a driveway or access road. Langdon perked up, listening intently for clues as to their whereabouts. They'd been driving for less than ten minutes, and although Langdon had tried to follow in his mind, he had lost his bearings quickly. For all he knew, they were now pulling back into the House of the Temple. The Escalade came to a stop, and Langdon heard the window roll down. â€Å"Agent Simkins, CIA,† their driver announced. â€Å"I believe you're expecting us.† â€Å"Yes, sir,† a sharp military voice replied. â€Å"Director Sato phoned ahead. One moment while I move the security barricade.† Langdon listened with rising confusion, now sensing they were entering a military base. As the car began moving again, along an unusually smooth stretch of pavement, he turned his head blindly toward Solomon. â€Å"Where are we, Peter?† he demanded. â€Å"Do not remove your blindfold.† Peter's voice was stern. The vehicle continued a short distance and again slowed to a stop. Simkins killed the engine. More voices. Military. Someone asked for Simkins's identification. The agent got out and spoke to the men in hushed tones. Langdon's door was suddenly being opened, and powerful hands assisted him out of the car. The air felt cold. It was windy. Solomon was beside him. â€Å"Robert, just let Agent Simkins lead you inside.† Langdon heard metal keys in a lock . . . and then the creak of a heavy iron door swinging open. It sounded like an ancient bulkhead. Where the hell are they taking me?! Simkins's hands guided Langdon in the direction of the metal door. They stepped over a threshold. â€Å"Straight ahead, Professor.† It was suddenly quiet. Dead. Deserted. The air inside smelled sterile and processed. Simkins and Solomon flanked Langdon now, guiding him blindly down a reverberating corridor. The floor felt like stone beneath his loafers. Behind them, the metal door slammed loudly, and Langdon jumped. The locks turned. He was sweating now beneath his blindfold. He wanted only to tear it off. They stopped walking now. Simkins let go of Langdon's arm, and there was a series of electronic beeps followed by an unexpected rumble in front of them, which Langdon imagined had to be a security door sliding open automatically. â€Å"Mr. Solomon, you and Mr. Langdon continue on alone. I'll wait for you here,† Simkins said. â€Å"Take my flashlight.† â€Å"Thank you,† Solomon said. â€Å"We won't be long.† Flashlight?! Langdon's heart was pounding wildly now. Peter took Langdon's arm in his own and inched forward. â€Å"Walk with me, Robert.† They moved slowly together across another threshold, and the security door rumbled shut behind them. Peter stopped short. â€Å"Is something wrong?† Langdon was suddenly feeling queasy and off balance. â€Å"I think I just need to take off this blindfold.† â€Å"Not yet, we're almost there.† â€Å"Almost where?† Langdon felt a growing heaviness in the pit of his stomach. â€Å"I told you–I'm taking you to see the staircase that descends to the Lost Word.† â€Å"Peter, this isn't funny!† â€Å"It's not meant to be. It's meant to open your mind, Robert. It's meant to remind you that there are mysteries in this world that even you have yet to lay eyes upon. And before I take one more step with you, I want you to do something for me. I want you to believe . . . just for an instant . . . believe in the legend. Believe that you are about to peer down a winding staircase that plunges hundreds of feet to one of humankind's greatest lost treasures.† Langdon felt dizzy. As much as he wanted to believe his dear friend, he could not. â€Å"Is it much farther?† His velvet hoodwink was drenched in sweat. â€Å"No. Only a few more steps, actually. Through one last door. I'll open it now.† Solomon let go of him for a moment, and as he did so, Langdon swayed, feeling light-headed. Unsteady, he reached out for stability, and Peter was quickly back at his side. The sound of a heavy automatic door rumbled in front of them. Peter took Langdon's arm and they moved forward again. â€Å"This way.† They inched across another threshold, and the door slid closed behind them. Silence. Cold. Langdon immediately sensed that this place, whatever it was, had nothing to do with the world on the other side of the security doors. The air was dank and chilly, like a tomb. The acoustics felt dull and cramped. He felt an irrational bout of claustrophobia settling in. â€Å"A few more steps.† Solomon guided him blindly around a corner and positioned him precisely. Finally, he said, â€Å"Take off your blindfold.† Langdon seized the velvet hoodwink and tore it from his face. He looked all around to find out where he was, but he was still blind. He rubbed his eyes. Nothing. â€Å"Peter, it's pitch-black!† â€Å"Yes, I know. Reach in front of you. There's a railing. Grasp it.† Langdon groped in the darkness and found an iron railing. â€Å"Now watch.† He could hear Peter fumbling with something, and suddenly a blazing flashlight beam pierced the darkness. It was pointed at the floor, and before Langdon could take in his surroundings, Solomon directed the flashlight out over the railing and pointed the beam straight down. Langdon was suddenly staring into a bottomless shaft . . . an endless winding staircase that plunged deep into the earth. My God! His knees nearly buckled, and he gripped the railing for support. The staircase was a traditional square spiral, and he could see at least thirty landings descending into the earth before the flashlight faded to nothing. I can't even see the bottom! â€Å"Peter . . .† he stammered. â€Å"What is this place!† â€Å"I'll take you to the bottom of the staircase in a moment, but before I do, you need to see something else.† Too overwhelmed to protest, Langdon let Peter guide him away from the stairwell and across the strange little chamber. Peter kept the flashlight trained on the worn stone floor beneath their feet, and Langdon could get no real sense of the space around them . . . except that it was small. A tiny stone chamber. They arrived quickly at the room's opposite wall, in which was embedded a rectangle of glass. Langdon thought it might be a window into a room beyond, and yet from where he stood, he saw only darkness on the other side. â€Å"Go ahead,† Peter said. â€Å"Have a look.† â€Å"What's in there?† Langdon flashed for an instant on the Chamber of Reflection beneath the Capitol Building, and how he had believed, for a moment, that it might contain a portal to some giant underground cavern. â€Å"Just look, Robert.† Solomon inched him forward. â€Å"And brace yourself, because the sight will shock you.† Having no idea what to expect, Langdon moved toward the glass. As he neared the portal, Peter turned out the flashlight, plunging the tiny chamber into total darkness. As his eyes adjusted, Langdon groped in front of him, his hands finding the wall, finding the glass, his face moving closer to the transparent portal. Still only darkness beyond. He leaned closer . . . pressing his face to the glass. Then he saw it. The wave of shock and disorientation that tore through Langdon's body reached down inside and spun his internal compass upside down. He nearly fell backward as his mind strained to accept the utterly unanticipated sight that was before him. In his wildest dreams, Robert Langdon would never have guessed what lay on the other side of this glass. The vision was a glorious sight. There in the darkness, a brilliant white light shone like a gleaming jewel. Langdon now understood it all–the barricade on the access road . . . the guards at the main entrance . . . the heavy metal door outside . . . the automatic doors that rumbled open and closed . . . the heaviness in his stomach . . . the lightness in his head . . . and now this tiny stone chamber. â€Å"Robert,† Peter whispered behind him, â€Å"sometimes a change of perspective is all it takes to see the light.† Speechless, Langdon stared out through the window. His gaze traveled into the darkness of the night, traversing more than a mile of empty space, dropping lower . . . lower . . . through the darkness . . . until it came to rest atop the brilliantly illuminated, stark white dome of the U.S. Capitol Building. Langdon had never seen the Capitol from this perspective–hovering 555 feet in the air atop America's great Egyptian obelisk. Tonight, for the first time in his life, he had ridden the elevator up to the tiny viewing chamber . . . at the pinnacle of the Washington Monument.

interview of euclid essays

interview of euclid essays Ammar: I want an interview of you Sir for my history teacher. May I get it? Euclid: Yes, sure, why not. So what do you want to ask me? Ammar: If you wont mind, can I ask some personal questions in the beginning of the interview? Euclid: OK! I wont mind unless they are too personal. Ammar: What date were you born, and where were you born? Euclid: I am not sure about my date of birth because in those days there were no birth certificates and our parents dont keep record of the dates of births. I believe I was born around 300 BC. I was born in Alexandria, Athens, Greece. Ammar: Did you marry? How many kids do you have? Euclid: Well, I married and I have two kids. The eldest on is a boy and the younger one is a girl. Ammar: What school you went to? Tell us something about it. Euclid: I went to Alexandria School. It is situated in Athens, Greece. The teachers of that school were the pupils of Plato. After I graduated from that school I started teaching in that school. After working for a while I created a school of mathematics and then I started teaching there. Ammar: Were you interested in mathematics since the beginning of your studies or you changed your mind later? Euclid: At first when I joined school and I had no idea of what I will become. I dont know what happened and I later became interested in math and I thought of becoming a mathematician. Ammar: During the time you were in school, there were very famous Greek Philosophers like Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato. They also had many different followers, who do you think you follow? Why? Euclid: I think I belong to the persuasion of Plato because I was taught by his pupils and the ideas in me are quite platonist. You could see that by reviewing the results of my researches (Proculs, p. 57[68:19-20]; Bulmer-Thomas, p.415). Ammar: What contributions you made in mathematics? Euclid: You know that I devoted my whole life in the fi...

Definition and Examples of Performative Verbs

Definition and Examples of Performative Verbs In English grammar  and speech-act theory, a performative verb is a  verb  that explicitly conveys the kind of speech act being performed- such as  promise, invite, apologize, predict, vow, request, warn, insist,  and  forbid. Also known as speech-act verb or  performative utterance.   The concept of performative verbs  was introduced by Oxford philosopher J. L. Austin in  How to Do Things With Words  (1962) and further developed by American philosopher J.R. Searle, among others. Austin estimated that a good dictionary contains upwards of 10,000 performative or speech-act verbs. Examples and Observations Performative verbs name actions that are performed, wholly or partly, by saying something (state, promise); non-performative verbs name other types of actions, types of action which are independent of speech (walk, sleep).-Kirsten Malmkjaer, Speech-Act Theory. The  Linguistics Encyclopedia, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2004As your lawyer, your brother, and your friend, I highly recommend that you get a better lawyer.-David Patrick Kelly as Jerry Horne in Twin Peaks, 1990The faculty at Ohios Bowling Green State University vetoed a professors planned course on political correctness. Kathleen Dixon, director of womens studies at the university, explained: We forbid any course that says we restrict free speech.-George Will, Newsweek. December  25, 2000I declare, he said, with the mamma I got its a wonder I turned out to be such a nice boy!-Flannery OConnor, Greenleaf. The Kenyon Review, 1957As your president, I would demand a science-fiction library, featuring an ABC of the genre. Asimov, Best er, Clarke.-Martin Prince in Lisas Substitute. The Simpsons, 1991 ApologizingBy saying we apologize we perform an expressive act simultaneously with the naming of that expressive act. It is for this reason that apologize is called a performative verb, defined as a verb denoting linguistic action that can both describe a speech act and express it. This explains why we can say that we are sorry, but not that we are sorry on someone elses behalf because be sorry only expresses, but does not describe the act of making an apology.-R. Dirven and M. Verspoor, Cognitive Exploration of Language and Linguistics. John Benjamins, 2004Hedged PerformativesGenerally, the performative verb...is in the simple present active and the subject is I, but the verb may be in the simple present passive and the subject need not be I: Smoking is forbidden; The committee thanks you for your services. A test for whether a verb is being used performatively is the possible insertion of hereby: I hereby apologize; The committee hereby thanks you. In hedged performatives, the verb is present but the speech act is performed indirectly: In saying I must apologize for my behavior, the speaker is expressing an obligation to make an apology, but implies that the acknowledgment of that obligation is the same as an apology. In contrast, I apologized is a report, and Must I apologize? is a request for advice.-S. Greenbaum, The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford University Press,  1992

Obamacare. The Achievements of Our Founding Fathers Essay

Obamacare. The Achievements of Our Founding Fathers - Essay Example Discussion Before we embark further into the debate, it is important to learn, understand, and recall the achievements of our founding Fathers and the knowledge and experience that inspired them to establish this nature and type of government. It also important to understand and recall the origins and characters of the United States constitution and the structure of government and the rights and privileges of citizenship that is inherent in the constitution. The American constitution was drafted and promulgated in 1787.1 The early framers and formulators of the United States constitution had experienced dark and hard times under the previous despotic central government system that was dominated by tyranny and oppression. In view of the above, they devised and entrenched a system of government into the constitution that was divided with each having a clear cut jurisdiction and mandate. The framers of the constitution were keen to divide the power of the government through the constitu tion; a three tier system of government structure was established.2 United States constitution created the federal system of government in which power was shared between the federal government and the state governments. It is important to note that the power sharing structure deviates from the centralized government structure that is present in United Kingdom in which the national government maintains and controls power. Free government as proposed and understood by the founders of the nation was to restrict and structure the powers of the government with a view of securing and articulating rights in the declaration of independence, preventing tyranny, and preserving liberty. In order to achieve the above aspirations, the remedy was the creation of a strong, energetic government that had limited authority. Consequently, the powers of the government were enumerated in a written constitution, separated into different functions, responsibilities, and were further divided into the power s of federal/national government and state governments.2 The three forms of government that have been established under the United States Constitution include a federal government with three independent branches: executive, legislative and judiciary.1 The powers and functions of the above branches of the federal government are outlined in the constitution and further specified and delineated through laws that are enacted by the constitution. It is important to understand the circumstances and the reasons that led to the drafting and formulation of the constitution in relation to the functions of the government as regards its citizens. The constitution was drafted at a time when majority of Americans were expressing resentment and distrust in the central government that was authoritarian and tyrant in nature. The problem of a strong and autocratic government was further compounded by the overlapping ideas and rivalry of different states. The role of the United States constitution was , therefore, to limit the power of government over the individual, and the debate has ensued on how far such power may be extended. Initially, all the states in America had their own national congress and continental army, and they controlled their fiscal and political sovereignty.3 The drafters created,

Does Type A behaviour actually exist Assignment

Does Type A behaviour actually exist - Assignment Example It has also been asserted that subjects carrying the Type A behavior are hyperactive in their daily tasks. They are more aggressive, impatient, and competitive than Type B, if assigned with complicated or difficult tasks. Actually, Type As are ambitious or over ambitious than Type B in the psychological understanding. Looking forward to the Type A behavior, which is a cause of abnormalities (high impulse, aggression, hypertension), the researchers have tried to understand this behavior in the holistic manner. Comprehensive studies have been brought to understand of how Type A behavior affects a person’s life carrying it as a condition of psychological tension. Relevant research discussed (Empirical Evidence) The contemporary literature depicts that people with Type A behavior are undergone with both mental and physical health problems. Rosenman (1975) along with continued investigators assert that Type A behavior leads to catecholamine, cholesterol and high blood pressure (Gre gory, 2004, p.515). It is the environmental challenge and demand that results in larger reactions of the Type A people. On further, the empirical studies detail that ischemic heart disease in which there is low supply of blood to heart is caused by the Type A stress behavior. The study by David (2011) claims that persons with Type A are sensitive and they are partially instable than Type B when brought to life’s challenging situations (David, 2011). The study assessed the behavior of industrial employees working in an equivalent stress environment. It found that Type A employees are more emotionally strained than Type B who are calmed and relaxed at the time of work (David, 2011). The quantitative research by Chesney and Rosenman (1981) depicted that psychological behaviors of aggression, extroversion, or high impulsiveness are associated to Type A behavior which is the cause of all such behaviors (Chesney & Rosenman, 1981). Similarly, a meta-analysis review by Hinshaw (1987) associated anxiety, anger, depression and hostility to Type A behavior respectively (Hinshaw, 1987). Friedman and Rosenman (1974) categorized the 3000 healthy men in two groups; Type A and Type B. The investigators who were the starters of the research in the continuum of Type A depicted that Type A persons are vulnerable to stress, as where Type B are more easy going and relaxed people (Plotnik & Kouyoumdjian, 2010, p.496). The investigators’ study found that out of 3000 healthy men 257 died due to stress and CHA (Coronary Heart Disease) and they were specifically from the Type A group which associated to such stress function. This research by Friedman and Rosenman became the basis of research for behavioral specialists analyzing the continuum of Type A and its effects (Meyer & Rosenman, 1974). Background linked to the aims with reasons & some detail of method The literature analyzed so far has unfolded the fact that Type A persons are vulnerable to stress. They easily get stressed when brought to life’s challenging experience i.e. a critical task or an assessment. In the behavioral research it is asserted that there is a significant difference between Type A and Type B adaptations, actions and performances. Type As are aggressive, explosive and indulgent to stress as compare to Type B who are calmed and creative to complete their task or objective. This report is an investigation on how Type A behavior

Changing Minds Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Changing Minds - Case Study Example How can you approach such a person or group and attempt to change their minds? Being a fundamentalist, one adheres to a strict doctrine of thought. Basically, it is similar to a computer in that it already has programmed responses; fundamentalist already have responses in which they are going to act in certain parameters. It makes it extremely difficult to sway the minds of those that are fundamentalist in that they are dedicated to a certain pattern of thought and straying from this thinking pattern can cause them anxiety. In order to convert fundamentalist, you must be able to reconstruct the view so that a person can easily integrate into the mindset. 2.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Changing Minds Gardner talks of an ‘Integrated viable identity.’ How can the work of a site such as ours impact and attempt to create change in a way that supports the development and enhancement of any existing ‘integrated viable identity’ in any of our readers? (Hint – this is hard to find yet findable – look at references provided in the back of the book to help you find it if needed). This involves the conversion of the fundamentalist to what could be considered the radical and changing point of view. In order for the variable to become viable, he idea that is radical must be integrated into the cognition and memory of the fundamentalist. The final step is taking this integrated thought and moving it into behavior. In terms of the project, you had to not only convince them that the idea of ecologically sound cars is good, but in order to make it integrated and viable, they must move the belief into actions. 3.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Changing Minds Gardner speaks of ‘Representational Redescription.’   Explain what this is, and whether we have it in our site. If we do, describe where it is and how it works in the site.   Also, explain how you might effectively use it in the future. Representational Redescription is wher e a reformist must radically change the ideas of the group by reversing traditional roles and values. We did this by showing how traditional technologies are not beneficial. The function of compressed gas does not mean that it is compressed as in explosive like when we think of compressed gas in a can, however the explosion itself can help power as an alternative resource. 4.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Changing Minds Gardner describes how ‘Designated Driver’ became a household word internationally. Using this model, what could be done on this project or others in the future to successfully establish a similar acceptance of an idea in the average public person? What would you do differently on the project knowing this? This shows that society is actually the driver in change, whether it is locally or universally, such as in reforms for drunk driving and texting while driving. We want the community to push for change in the electric vs CNG debate. In order to get public s upport, you have to show that not only is it economically feasible, but also that it will make a difference. 5. In Changing Minds, Gardner talks about Wetware, Dryware and Goodware. Explain these terms and how you either used them in our project or how you might use them effectively in the future. Be sure to integrate and compare all three in your response. Gardner used his creative writing techniques to compare our psychological reasoning and aspects in comparison to a computer. Dryware is the basic components in processing and traditional data processing techniques. Goodware is the natural altruistic behavior, which guides people to do

Cuban revolution Essay Example for Free

Cuban revolution Essay The dual personality of doctors has been observed since ancient times. Thousands of years ago, the mythological Dr. Imhotep of Egypt had a personality similar to Robert Louis Stevenson’s Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde—two personalities in one person. Even more recently, this has been noticed in terrorists and extremists. In 2007, for instance, 45 Muslim doctors planned US terror attacks from Britain. And just five months ago, a Fort Hood medical doctor, a psychiatrist in fact, open fired on his fellow American soldiers in the military base where he treats other soldiers. Scientists have also been known for this type of bipolar madness, such as the mad CERN scientist who was arrested seven months ago for plotting terrorism. There are hundreds of similar cases, but sometimes, these people become larger-than-life heroes, especially for the people that they fight for. One of these bipolar idols is Dr. Ernesto â€Å"Che† Guevara, a physician who is a hero, a caring person and a martyr, yet also a brutal guerilla revolutionary who left behind a legacy. Mr. Che is a hero. He is a Marxist revolutionary from Argentina who played a leading role in the Cuban revolution of the late 1950s, second in command to Fidel Castro. He is an icon in Cuba because he fought against inequality. Latin America was plagued by socio-economic inequality caused by imperialist nations such as the United States through the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Some American government officials, such as Secretary of State John Dulles, owned or worked for US corporations that exploited land and labor in Latin America. And Che felt strongly about the immorality of these dealings (Kellner 32). He strongly believed that in order to correct the inequity of the situation, only an armed struggle through a revolution could change the status quo (Sinclair 12). In a speech given in 1961, he attacked the United States, which hypocritically calls itself a â€Å"democracy† while discriminating against African Americans and other minorities, physically torturing them through the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), and controlling the financial system through a few well-to-do groups of white people. By 1964, after the successful Cuban Revolution, he became a diplomat to the United Nations (UN) in New York City (Kellner 60). And in a speech to the UN, he condemned South Africa for its â€Å"brutal† apartheid and challenged the UN to end the racist policy. He also attacked the United States in the UN for racial prejudice and injustice that allows whites who murder blacks to go free and prohibits African Americans from demanding their civil rights as human beings. Che was also an economic advisor to Castro, and he advised Cuba to follow the example of China to develop the Cuban industry, but Castro favored the practices of the Soviet Union and ignored Che, as asserted by John Riddell for the Centre for Research on Globalization. Had Castro followed the advice of Che, Cuba could have followed the economic success of China instead of the collapse of the Soviet Union. He also supported the communists in Vietnam and called for the development of â€Å"many Vietnams† throughout the world, in a letter written in 1967. This led him to aid communist uprisings in Congo and Bolivia. Dr. Ernesto Guevara is also a caring physician. He was asthmatic, and in 1954, he worked in the allergy department of Mexico City’s General Hospital. He also lectured about medical subjects in the National Autonomous University of Mexico. His wife, Hilda Gadea claims in her book, My Life with Che, that he wanted to work as a physician in Africa. She also mentions that he was always deeply troubled by the suffering surrounding him. One of his patients was an old laundry woman and Hilda recounts how Che was deeply saddened by her situation. He felt that she symbolized those who were exploited and neglected. He then wrote a poem and dedicated it to the elderly woman, stating that he will fight for victims of poverty and exploitation, leading to a better society. Even after the Cuban Revolution, he continued to care for the wounded and the sick. In 1960, he provided emergency medical assistance to blast victims at the Havana Harbor which killed more than 76 and injured hundreds. Moreover, Leonardo Tamayo, who fought alongside Che said that he was like a father to him. He was his teacher. But the â€Å"most beautiful thing† that Che taught him was â€Å"to be human† (Schweimler, BBC News). Also, when Che was fighting in the Congo, he needed an interpreter to translate Swahili and other local African dialects for him. The teenager, Freddy Ilanga, became his translator, and over time, Ilanga’s admiration for Che grew due to his hard-working nature and his equal respect for blacks and whites (Doyle, BBC World Affairs). And in preparation for his death, he wrote a farewell letter to his children, five all in all, which was to be read when he passes away. It taught them to be sensitive to the injustices committed against humanity around the globe. This sensitivity, he says, is the revolutionary’s â€Å"most beautiful† feature (Guevara 167). Mr. Che is also a martyr. His actions always suggested self-sacrifice, and he was a man who was always ready to die for his cause. For instance, he risked his own life to save Joel Iglesias, his lieutenant. With his gun tucked through his belt, he darted to the wounded Iglesias and carried him on his shoulders. The guards saw him, but they did not shoot him because they were so impressed with his act of martyrdom (Landau X01). Furthermore, after a frustrating ordeal fighting in the Congo, he wanted to send back his surviving Cuban companions back home and fight by himself, like the Lone Ranger, since some of his comrades already died. But Castro sent two representatives to convince him to come back since it was not yet his time to be a martyr. And since Che thought that there was â€Å"nothing† more to do in the Congo because the leaders were â€Å"corrupt† and had no passion to fight, he complied with Castro and retreated (Kellner 87). But he knew that one day, it will be over for him, so he already prepared for his coming death by writing his own epitaph. In it, he welcomes death, as long as someone else continues the fight against inequality and injustice (Bourne, The Guardian). He also believed that his death would become a type of â€Å"renaissance† that would bring forth â€Å"renewal† or â€Å"rebirth† (Nadle 42). Just before his enemies killed him, they asked Che if his own immortality was in his thoughts, but he said that he only reflected on the revolution’s â€Å"immortality,† as Time magazine reports. Eventually, he was executed. But when his corpse was displayed to the local public, many of them thought that his body seemed like Christ’s, so some of them clipped locks of Che’s hair as holy relics (Casey 179). Indeed, after John Berger, an art critic, saw photographs of his cadaver, he realized that it resembled Mantegna’s painting of Christ after he died (Casey 183). In the end, some Bolivian farm laborers consecrated Che and called him St. Ernesto. They pray to him for their daily needs (Schipani, The Observer). Mr. Che is also a brutal guerilla revolutionary. After joining, Fidel Castro’s July 26 Movement, he was trained by Colonel Alberto Bayo in guerilla warfare even though Che was planning to be a medic. He learned ambush-retreat techniques, running through rivers and jungles, and hiking up mountains. He graduated as the top guerilla of his class, and he made a great impression on the colonel (Kellner 37). But after their invasion of Cuba via a sea route from Mexico, the Cuban government under Batista attacked them heavily. When his comrades started running away, he dropped his medical supplies and started arming himself to fight. Eventually, Che would become a commandant second only to Fidel Castro. He did not tolerate cowardice, so anyone who wanted to run away to the enemy, or accept bribes in return for information, or simply pretended to work for their movement while actually working for the enemy, were all considered to be venomous traitors and were all brutally slaughtered at the command of Che. He would send squads to hunt down and kill traitors; summary executions were also not uncommon (Anderson 237). In one instance, when it became â€Å"uncomfortable† for the people to execute Eutimio Guerra, a convicted informant, Che himself shot him through the head in a detached manner, later writing about it as a sacrifice that was necessary for â€Å"redemption† (Anderson 237). He and his men were also outnumbered 10 to 1 in their battle for the control of Cuba, but in spite of this handicap, they were able to capture Havana and win Cuba, a â€Å"remarkable† feat, as told by some observers (Sandison 39). But to this day, many Cuban Americans and exiles hate him and consider him to be a â€Å"butcher† (Casey 325). However, even with his negative record, Dr. Ernesto â€Å"Che† Guevara has left behind a legacy. His name is on the list of Time magazine as one of the most influential personalities of the previous century. Nelson Mandela also calls him the freedom-lover’s inspiration (Guevarra, II), while Jean-Paul Sartre thinks of him as today’s intelligent and â€Å"complete human† personality (Moynihan, Stockholm Spectator). The Black Panthers also believe that Guevara lives on through his ideals (Sinclair 67). Truly, a bronze statue of Che’s likeness stands 12 feet high in Argentina, where many high schools and museums are named in memory of him and his principles (Popper, Reuters). Furthermore, Cuban children pledge to follow him every morning, while his face is immortalized on Cuban currency (Peoples Weekly World). A photo of him taken by Alberto Korda is a popular icon among counter-culture groups and modern merchandising (Lacey, The New York Times). It would not be unusual for someone nowadays to wear a hat, T-shirt, bikini or tattoo of this iconic photograph with Che gazing up to the left, like a saint, appearing Christ-like with a trimmed mustache and beard; his long wavy hair is covered by a beret bearing a five-pointed star at the center. Indeed, the five-pointed star or the Wu Xing, as the Chinese call it, is a very apt symbol for the justice and equality that Guevara stood for. As Rodney St. Michael states in Sync My World: Thief’s Honor GA SK, the five-pointed star is a universal political symbol that stands for the multi-polar conflict and harmony between the five basic Selves, races, genders, classes, organizations, nations and so forth. In the end, while Dr. Ernesto â€Å"Che† Guevara had five faces—a hero, a compassionate doctor, a saint, a vicious revolutionary and an iconic legend—his multi-faceted personality allowed him to become a very influential leader who still lives in the hearts and minds of millions of people around the world. He is truly a five-star icon. Works Cited Anderson, Jon Lee. Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life. New York: Grove Press, 1997. Bourne, Richard. Obituary: Che Guevara, Marxist Architect of Revolution. The Guardian, 11 Oct 1967. Casey, Michael. Ches Afterlife: The Legacy of an Image. Vintage, 2009. Dorfman, Ariel. â€Å"Time 100:   ple. † Time, 14 Jun 1999. Doyle, Mark. DR Congos Rebel-Turned-Brain Surgeon. BBC World Affairs, 13 Dec 2005. Gadea, Hilda. My Life with Che: The Making of a Revolutionary (reprint). Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. Guevara, Ernesto. Che: The Diaries of Ernesto Che Guevara. Ocean Press, 2009. Guevara, Che. Colonialism is Doomed (UN speech on 11 Dec 1964). The Che Reader. Ocean Press, 2005. Guevara, Che. Economics Cannot be Separated from Politics. Our America — Kennedy and the Alliance for Progress. Ocean Press, 2005. Guevara, Che. Message to the Tricontinental in Havana. Bolivian jungle camp, Spring 1967. Kellner, Douglas. Ernesto â€Å"Che† Guevara (World Leaders Past Present). Chelsea House Publishers, 1989. Lacey, Mark. A Revolutionary Icon, and Now, a Bikini. The New York Times, 9 Oct 2007. Landau, Saul. Poster Boy of The Revolution. The Washington Post, 19 Oct 1997. Moynihan, Michael. Neutering Sartre at Dagens Nyheter. Stockholm Spectator. Nadle, Marlene. Regis Debray Speaks from Prison. Ramparts Magazine, 24 Aug 1968. Popper, Helen. Argentina pays belated homage to Che Guevara. Reuters, June 14, 2008. PWW Writer. Che Guevara remains a hero to Cubans. Peoples Weekly World, 2 Oct 2004. Riddell, John. Che Guevaras Final Verdict on the Soviet Economy. Centre for Research on Globalization, 13 Jun 2008. Sandison, David. The Life Times of Che Guevara. Paragon, 1996. Schipani, Andres. The Final Triumph of Saint Che. The Observer. 23 Sept 2007. Schweimler, Daniel. Latin Americas New Look at Che. BBC News, 9 Oct 2007. Sinclair, Andrew. Che Guevara. The Viking Press, 1970. Sinclair, Andrew. Viva Che! : The Strange Death and Life of Che Guevara. Sutton publishing, 1968. St. Michael, Rodney. Sync My World: Thief’s Honor GA SK. Raleigh: Lulu, 2009. Time Writer. Che: A Myth Embalmed in a Matrix of Ignorance. Time, 12 Oct 1970.